What is vehicle-to-load and how does it work?

You’ll probably start hearing about vehicle-to-load soon enough. Equipped to many new hybrids and electric cars, it’s a clever system that has the potential to change how we see our vehicles and how we’re able to utilise the energy that they store on board, too.

But what is vehicle-to-load, how does it work and why should you care about it? Let’s take a look.

So what is vehicle-to-load?

Vehicle-to-load – often shortened to V2L – is a way of harnessing a car’s on-board electricity supply to power external devices. It’s a bi-directional system which allows you to access the power of a hybrid or electric car’s high-voltage battery. It means that your car can be used as a mobile power supply – think of it as a movable plug socket that you can take with you anywhere.

Unlike in a conventional car where the primary source of electricity comes from a 12-volt battery, vehicle-to-load uses the high-voltage battery that would otherwise be used to power the car itself. Because of the capacity of these batteries, they can often power devices for a very long time.

What can I power with it?

Most V2L systems provide up to 3.6kW of power, equivalent to your standard domestic three-pin plug. You could, in theory, use V2L to add power to a stricken electric car that was low on charge – though it’d take a long time to fully charge.

How long would vehicle-to-load power something for?

Something small like a mini fridge could be run for several days without issue, though high-draw appliances like coffee machines will eat into battery power more quickly.

Is it only electric cars that have vehicle-to-load?

Given its status as a commercial vehicle, the Ranger’s own V2L system could be ideal for tradespeople looking to charge up tools or power lights while on a site.

Can vehicle-to-load completely drain an EV?

That also means that if you’re low on charge, you won’t be able to use vehicle-to-load. However, in a hybrid, the petrol engine can kick in and work as a generator, topping up the battery, which will, in turn, power those devices.

Do I need a special adapter for V2L?

Yes. While some cars have an internal vehicle-to-load plug socket, others need a special adapter. This goes into the main charging port on the side of the car and provides a three-pin socket from there.

This can be quite useful if you’re camping, for instance, or working outdoors where you need an external power supply.

What sort of cars can I find V2L equipped on?

As mentioned, you’ll find it on Ford’s Ranger PHEV, alongside new electric cars like the BMW i3, Kia EV9 and the Genesis GV60.