Security forces clash with protesters in Iran’s main market

Protesters angry over Iran’s ailing economy conducted a sit-in Tuesday at Tehran’s Grand Bazaar, witnesses said, with security forces firing tear gas and dispersing demonstrators as the rest of the market shut down.

The protest at the Grand Bazaar, the beating heart of both Iran’s economic and political life for centuries, represented the latest signal that the demonstrations are likely to continue as the country’s rial currency fell to a record low.

Already, violence surrounding the protests has killed at least 36 people, with authorities detaining more than 1,200 others, activists say.

Meanwhile, the situation was likely to worsen as Iran’s Central Bank drastically reduced the subsidised exchange rates for dollars it offers to importers and producers in the country.

That will likely see merchants pass on price hikes for goods directly onto consumers, whose life savings have dwindled over years of international sanctions targeting the Islamic Republic.

Iran’s reformist President Masoud Pezeshkian, while ordering a government investigation into one incident involving the protests, otherwise signalled that the crisis may be rapidly moving beyond the control of officials.

“We should not expect the government to handle all of this alone,” Mr Pezeshkian said in a televised speech.

“The government simply does not have that capacity.”

In the Grand Bazaar, a labyrinth-like warren of covered passages and alleyways, demonstrators sat down in one passage in front of security forces as other shops nearby shut down, online videos showed and witnesses said.

Authorities later fired tear gas to disperse the protesters.

Iranian state-run media did not immediately acknowledge the incident, which has been common in the days since the demonstrations began on December 28.

Later footage purportedly showed tear gas at a hospital and a metro station in Tehran.

Iran has faced rounds of nationwide protests in recent years. As sanctions tightened and Iran struggled after a 12-day war with Israel in June, its rial currency collapsed in December, reaching 1.4 million to one US dollar.

Protests began soon after, with demonstrators chanting against Iran’s theocracy.

On Tuesday, one US dollar traded at 1.46 million rials, a new low, with no signs of slowing.

Prior to Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution, the rial was broadly stable, trading at around 70 to one dollar. At the time of Iran’s 2015 nuclear deal with world powers, one dollar traded for 32,000 rials.

More pain may be coming for Iranian consumers, though.

Iran’s Central Bank, in recent days, ended a preferential, subsidised dollar-rial exchange rate for all products except medicine and wheat.

Iran’s government had offered that rate to importers and producers to try to ensure the flow of essential goods, despite international sanctions over its nuclear programme and other issues.

However, many of those firms took advantage of the difference in rates, pocketing ever-greater profits as normal Iranians watched their savings rapidly lose value against the dollar.

The currency and rate depreciation have directly impacted what’s available in stores — and at what price. The average bottle of cooking oil just doubled in price, the state-run IRNA news agency reported.

Many have complained about shelves being empty, likely as suppliers and merchants fear selling cooking oil at a loss. Cheese and chicken prices also spiked, while imported rice hasn’t been available in some shops.

In his speech, Mr Pezeshkian blamed inflation, sanctions and other woes for causing the depreciation — and warned tougher times may be coming.

“If we do not make realistic decisions, we ourselves will push the country toward crisis and then complain about the consequences,” he warned.

Late Monday, Mr Pezeshkian assigned the interior ministry to form a special team for a “full-fledged investigation” of what had been happening in Ilam province.

Protesters in Malekshahi County in Iran’s Ilam province, southwest of Iran’s capital of Tehran, were killed as online videos purported to show security forces firing on civilians.

The presidency also acknowledged an “incident in a hospital in the city of Ilam”. Video showed security forces wearing riot gear raiding a hospital, where activists said they were seeking demonstrators.

The hospital assault drew criticism from the US State Department, which, in Iran’s Farsi language, called the incident “a crime”.

“Storming the wards, beating medical staff and attacking the wounded with tear gas and ammunition is a clear crime against humanity,” a post on X read.

“Hospitals are not battlefields.”

A report by the semi-official Fars news agency earlier alleged, without offering evidence, that demonstrators carried firearms and grenades.

On Tuesday night, Fars reported that an angry crowd from a funeral for two of the dead stormed and damaged three banks in Malekshahi, leading to one person being killed and several being wounded.

Ilam province is mainly home to the country’s Kurdish and Lur ethnic groups and faces severe economic hardship.

The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency offered the latest death toll of 36 for the demonstrations.

It said 29 protesters, four children and two members of Iran’s security forces have been killed.

Demonstrations have reached more than 270 locations in 27 of Iran’s 31 provinces,

The group, which relies on an activist network inside of Iran for its reporting, has been accurate in past unrest.

Fars, believed close to Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard, reported that some 250 police officers and 45 members of the Guard’s all-volunteer Basij force have been hurt in the demonstrations.

The growing death toll carries with it the chance of American intervention.

US President Donald Trump warned Iran that if Tehran “violently kills peaceful protesters,” the United States “will come to their rescue”.

Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Saturday said “rioters must be put in their place”.

While it remains unclear how and if Mr Trump will intervene, his comments sparked an immediate, angry response, with officials within the theocracy threatening to target American troops in the Mideast.

The comments took on new importance after the US military captured Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, a long-time ally of Tehran.